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Latest Case Studies
Case Study
Rede Mulher Empreendedora: Navigating mission integrity and financial sustainability

The case focuses on Rede Mulher Empreendedora (RME), Brazil’s largest support platform for female entrepreneurship, and its founder, Ana Fontes. Founded in 2010, RME had grown into a significant network by 2023, impacting the livelihoods of over 12 million women in Brazil, a country with substantial gender disparities. The platform offers initia…

Entrepreneurship Sustainability Diversity and Equity and Inclusion
By Vanina Farber, María Helena Jaén, Jose Mello, Lilian de Miranda, Patricia Araripe, Peter Munk Laursen and Rabia Chishti
Case reference: IMD-7-2613, © 2024
Rede Mulher Empreendedora: Navigating mission integrity and financial sustainability
By Vanina Farber María Helena Jaén Jose Mello Lilian de Miranda Patricia Araripe Peter Munk Laursen and Rabia Chishti
Case reference: IMD-7-2613 ©2024
Summary
The case focuses on Rede Mulher Empreendedora (RME), Brazil’s largest support platform for female entrepreneurship, and its founder, Ana Fontes. Founded in 2010, RME had grown into a significant network by 2023, impacting the livelihoods of over 12 million women in Brazil, a country with substantial gender disparities. The platform offers initiatives to empower women economically and provides knowledge and tailored content to help them manage their businesses and navigate Brazil’s entrepreneurial landscape. By 2023, RME was at a critical juncture. Although RME had clear objectives to empower women, there was uncertainty about how each initiative contributed to its mission. Financially, RME experienced a dramatic shift: In 2022, it raised US$6 million, but in 2023, fundraising efforts dropped to US$2.6 million – a 57% decrease. This decline exposed RME’s heavy reliance on corporate philanthropy, from organizations like Google.org, Visa and the Mapfre Foundation, which constituted 80% of its income. The remaining 20% of revenue came from projects funded by RME’s partners, which proved inadequate to sustain the organization’s ambitious goals. Besides, in 2023, the fundraising campaign fell far short of expectations. Reduced funds meant that new projects were postponed, and existing initiatives faced the threat of being scaled back. Fontes must ensure financial sustainability, identify new revenue streams and reduce dependence on philanthropy while staying true to RME´s mission. Her goal is to achieve self-sustainability while continuing to fulfill the mission. This involves analyzing whether RME should pivot to a for-profit enterprise, remain a non-profit or adopt a hybrid approach to balance its social impact with financial viability. Students must put themselves in Ana’s shoes and evaluate the potential benefits and trade-offs of these models to determine the best path forward.
Reference IMD-7-2613
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Rede Mulher Empreendedora
Industry Services
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Pasona: Well-being through regional revitalization

Pasona Group, a Japan-based human resources company, is committed to driving social change through business and supporting individuals to find “ikigai” (fulfillment) through work. The company has promoted flexible work and equitable workplaces and created employment opportunities for minorities. Pasona now wanted to tackle the overconcentration …

Social Innovation Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Sustainability
By Alyson Meister and Naoko Jinjo
Case reference: IMD-7-2573, © 2024
Pasona: Well-being through regional revitalization
By Alyson Meister and Naoko Jinjo
Case reference: IMD-7-2573 ©2024
Summary
Pasona Group, a Japan-based human resources company, is committed to driving social change through business and supporting individuals to find “ikigai” (fulfillment) through work. The company has promoted flexible work and equitable workplaces and created employment opportunities for minorities. Pasona now wanted to tackle the overconcentration of population and businesses in Tokyo and the related decline of rural areas; both issues raised questions of well-being and sustainability. In response, Pasona moved its headquarters from Tokyo to Awaji Island, setting up sales and back-office operations for its core business and launching the “Regional Revitalization” initiative. Employees who moved from Tokyo to Awaji said that their lives became more sustainable, and their well-being improved. On the other hand, some Tokyo-based employees chose not to relocate, worried that boundaries between work and personal life would be blurred. Pasona was also criticized for its tourism-oriented and corporate-driven approach to local development, while the local government of Awaji appreciated the increase in the population and tax revenue that Pasona had brought. As Pasona sought to expand its “regional revitalization” model throughout Japan and attract more local governments to partner with the company, it needed to rethink its strategy to develop its original model in Awaji into a more powerful showcase that would lead to a more decentralized and sustainable society while ensuring the well-being of its own employees.
Reference IMD-7-2573
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Pasona Group
Industry Business Management Services, Human Resources
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Prudence in a maze of metaphors

“Prudence in a maze of metaphors” follows a fictional day in the life of a woman to explore a variety of challenges individuals commonly face in their professional environments. Prudence’s story uses metaphors such as Sticky Floor, Glass Ceiling, Double Bind and Motherhood Penalty to illustrate her experiences. Although these metaphors are assoc…

Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Leadership Organizational Behavior Organizational Culture
By Vanina Farber and Heather Cairns-Lee
Case reference: IMD-7-2612, © 2024
Prudence in a maze of metaphors
By Vanina Farber and Heather Cairns-Lee
Case reference: IMD-7-2612 ©2024
Summary
“Prudence in a maze of metaphors” follows a fictional day in the life of a woman to explore a variety of challenges individuals commonly face in their professional environments. Prudence’s story uses metaphors such as Sticky Floor, Glass Ceiling, Double Bind and Motherhood Penalty to illustrate her experiences. Although these metaphors are assoc…
Reference IMD-7-2612
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Should Unilever pivot from being purpose-led?

The case study delves into strategic transformation and leadership transitions at Unilever since 2009. Unilever has been an industry leader of business sustainability. Paul Polman was a pioneer who introduced the idea that, by addressing social and environmental problems, a company can unlock new growth opportunities. Polman launched a 10-year S…

Strategy Marketing Purpose Sustainability Diversity and Equity and Inclusion
By Goutam Challagalla and Samaja Penumaka
Case reference: IMD-7-2578, © 2024
Should Unilever pivot from being purpose-led?
By Goutam Challagalla and Samaja Penumaka
Case reference: IMD-7-2578 ©2024
Summary
The case study delves into strategic transformation and leadership transitions at Unilever since 2009. Unilever has been an industry leader of business sustainability. Paul Polman was a pioneer who introduced the idea that, by addressing social and environmental problems, a company can unlock new growth opportunities. Polman launched a 10-year Sustainable Living Plan with three objectives: to enhance health and well-being, livelihoods and environmental sustainability. Alan Jope followed in Polman’s path and launched a novel plan for the new decade called The Unilever Compass, focused on sustainability. Unilever took a strategic turn during Jope’s tenure and asked the brands to use their products to solve social issues. He called this “purpose-led branding,” which confused investors. They believed social branding would take the company’s focus away from growth. Tensions were high at Unilever and resulted in a change in leadership. The company wants to focus on growth, which raises questions about the future of corporate sustainability at Unilever.
Reference IMD-7-2578
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Unilever
Industry Consumer Goods
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Governance at WeWork: Adam Neumann’s erratic behavior

This is a fascinating case about Adam Neumann’s problematic behavior, which led to the downfall of WeWork, once one of America’s most valued startups.

Board Organizational Behavior Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Organizational Culture
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2591, © 2024
Governance at WeWork: Adam Neumann’s erratic behavior
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2591 ©2024
Summary
This is a fascinating case about Adam Neumann’s problematic behavior, which led to the downfall of WeWork, once one of America’s most valued startups.
Reference IMD-7-2591
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization The We Company
Industry Services, Real Estate
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Governance at Uber (A): Travis Kalanick derails

Case (A) recounts Travis Kalanick’s journey through the growth of Uber, highlighting instances of his problematic behavior and the board’s lack of oversight.

Board Corporate Governance Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Organizational Culture
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2585, © 2024
Governance at Uber (A): Travis Kalanick derails
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2585 ©2024
Summary
Case (A) recounts Travis Kalanick’s journey through the growth of Uber, highlighting instances of his problematic behavior and the board’s lack of oversight.
Reference IMD-7-2585
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Uber Technologies
Industry Manufacturing, Technology
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Governance at Uber (B): The board reviews the holder report

Case (B) explains the contents of the Holder report, which investigated the diversity, equity and inclusion culture at Uber and ends with Travis Kalanick’s separation from the company.

Board Corporate Governance Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Organizational Culture
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2586, © 2024
Governance at Uber (B): The board reviews the holder report
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2586 ©2024
Summary
Case (B) explains the contents of the Holder report, which investigated the diversity, equity and inclusion culture at Uber and ends with Travis Kalanick’s separation from the company.
Reference IMD-7-2586
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Uber Technologies
Industry Manufacturing, Technology
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Governance at Uber (C): The all-hands meeting

Case (C) discusses the meeting that showcased the proposed actions following the Holder report recommendations and highlights the concerning response of one of the board members.

Board Corporate Governance Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Organizational Culture
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2587, © 2024
Governance at Uber (C): The all-hands meeting
By Anand Narasimhan and Shruti Bajpai
Case reference: IMD-7-2587 ©2024
Summary
Case (C) discusses the meeting that showcased the proposed actions following the Holder report recommendations and highlights the concerning response of one of the board members.
Reference IMD-7-2587
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Uber Technologies
Industry Manufacturing, Technology
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Fostering psychological safety in teams

This note highlights the pivotal role of psychological safety in fostering a culture of flexibility and innovation within organizations, especially in a rapidly changing business environment. Drawing from Amy Edmondson’s seminal research, psychological safety is defined as the collective assurance felt by team members that they can openly expres…

Leadership General Management Human Resources Organizational Behavior Diversity and Equity and Inclusion
By Michael D. Watkins
Case reference: IMD-7-2507, © 2023
Fostering psychological safety in teams
By Michael D. Watkins
Case reference: IMD-7-2507 ©2023
Summary
This note highlights the pivotal role of psychological safety in fostering a culture of flexibility and innovation within organizations, especially in a rapidly changing business environment. Drawing from Amy Edmondson’s seminal research, psychological safety is defined as the collective assurance felt by team members that they can openly expres…
Reference IMD-7-2507
Copyright ©2023
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Available Languages English
Contact

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Case Study
Rio Tinto: Everyday Respect (A) (eCase) – For usage of this eCase in a program, please contact Case Services

In February 2022 Rio Tinto publicly released a workplace culture report that revealed that sexual harassment, racism and bullying had been occurring at an alarming rate throughout the organization. This was shortly after the Juukan Gorge disaster in Australia: Rio Tinto caused global outrage when its technicians blew up two rock shelters conside…

Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Business Ethics Human Resources Leadership Organizational Behavior Sustainability
By David Bach and Shih-Han Huang
Case reference: IMD-7-2465, © 2023
Rio Tinto: Everyday Respect (A) (eCase) – For usage of this eCase in a program, please contact Case Services
By David Bach and Shih-Han Huang
Case reference: IMD-7-2465 ©2023
Summary
In February 2022 Rio Tinto publicly released a workplace culture report that revealed that sexual harassment, racism and bullying had been occurring at an alarming rate throughout the organization. This was shortly after the Juukan Gorge disaster in Australia: Rio Tinto caused global outrage when its technicians blew up two rock shelters considered sacred by the Aboriginal traditional owners and deemed to be of “the highest archaeological significance in Australia” by scientists. Why did Rio Tinto commission the report, how did it deal with the findings, and how might reckoning with the past shape its future? In Part A of this online multimedia case series, three Rio Tinto executives – James Martin, Chief People Officer, Kellie Parker, Chief Executive, Australia and Isabelle Deschamps, Chief Legal Officer, Governance & Corporate Affairs – and the independent expert commissioned to write the report, Liz Broderick, describe in their own words their experiences, considerations and the debate about whether to release the report.
Reference IMD-7-2465
Copyright ©2023
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Rio Tinto Group
Industry Materials, Metals and Mining
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Rio Tinto: Everyday Respect (B) (eCase) – For usage of this eCase in a program, please contact Case Services

Part B of the Rio Tinto: Everyday Respect multimedia case series reveals the reaction to the report of various stakeholders, as well as how Rio Tinto has acted on the report’s recommendations. The case also shares some of the creative ways Rio Tinto has instilled a culture of respect and enabled it to permeate throughout the organization.

Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Business Ethics Human Resources Leadership Organizational Behavior Sustainability
By David Bach and Shih-Han Huang
Case reference: IMD-7-2466, © 2023
Rio Tinto: Everyday Respect (B) (eCase) – For usage of this eCase in a program, please contact Case Services
By David Bach and Shih-Han Huang
Case reference: IMD-7-2466 ©2023
Summary
Part B of the Rio Tinto: Everyday Respect multimedia case series reveals the reaction to the report of various stakeholders, as well as how Rio Tinto has acted on the report’s recommendations. The case also shares some of the creative ways Rio Tinto has instilled a culture of respect and enabled it to permeate throughout the organization.
Reference IMD-7-2466
Copyright ©2023
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Rio Tinto Group
Industry Materials, Metals and Mining
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Count every child: Telenor’s digital birth registration

Birth registration – considered a basic human right provided by government services – was still not working in many countries. One in four children worldwide is not registered. Yet, Zainab Siddiqui, head of sustainability at Telenor Pakistan, had a different idea. In 2013, she initiated the Digital Birth Registration Project in Pakistan in two p…

Social Innovation Strategy Sustainability Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Purpose
By James E. Henderson
Case reference: IMD-7-2410, © 2023
Count every child: Telenor’s digital birth registration
By James E. Henderson
Case reference: IMD-7-2410 ©2023
Summary
Birth registration – considered a basic human right provided by government services – was still not working in many countries. One in four children worldwide is not registered. Yet, Zainab Siddiqui, head of sustainability at Telenor Pakistan, had a different idea. In 2013, she initiated the Digital Birth Registration Project in Pakistan in two p…
Reference IMD-7-2410
Copyright ©2023
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Telenor Group
Industry Services, Telecommunications
Available Languages English
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Case Study
J.M. Huber Corporation: Testing the limits of resilience capabilities

As circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to shift and evolve, J.M. Huber Corporation (Huber) remained focused on protecting its employees, maintaining business continuity, and on advancing its multi-year sustainability strategy. The efforts of Mike Marberry, the President & CEO, the Huber Management Council (HMC), the family sharehold…

Sustainability Diversity and Equity and Inclusion Family Business Resilience
By Sameh Abadir and Marta Widz
Case reference: IMD-7-2412, © 2023
J.M. Huber Corporation: Testing the limits of resilience capabilities
By Sameh Abadir and Marta Widz
Case reference: IMD-7-2412 ©2023
Summary
As circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to shift and evolve, J.M. Huber Corporation (Huber) remained focused on protecting its employees, maintaining business continuity, and on advancing its multi-year sustainability strategy. The efforts of Mike Marberry, the President & CEO, the Huber Management Council (HMC), the family sharehold…
Reference IMD-7-2412
Copyright ©2023
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization J.M. Huber Corporation
Industry Manufacturing, Industrial Goods
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Maria Ahlström-Bondestam: Together everyone achieves more (Video case)

This case presents the unique approach to philanthropy of the Ahlström family. A group of 25 fifth-generation female Ahlström family members founded the Eva Ahlström foundation in 2010, in the name of the family matriarch Eva Ahlström (1848–1920), who was a big contributor to society in her time. This led to the establishment of the Ahlström Co…

Entrepreneurship Family Business Leadership Sustainability Diversity and Equity and Inclusion
By Peter Vogel and Malgorzata Smulowitz
Case reference: IMD-7-2414, © 2022
Maria Ahlström-Bondestam: Together everyone achieves more (Video case)
By Peter Vogel and Malgorzata Smulowitz
Case reference: IMD-7-2414 ©2022
Summary
This case presents the unique approach to philanthropy of the Ahlström family. A group of 25 fifth-generation female Ahlström family members founded the Eva Ahlström foundation in 2010, in the name of the family matriarch Eva Ahlström (1848–1920), who was a big contributor to society in her time. This led to the establishment of the Ahlström Co…
Reference IMD-7-2414
Copyright ©2022
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Ahlstrom-Munksjö
Industry Manufacturing, Technology;Services, Real Estate;Manufacturing, Forestry
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Multi-stakeholder governance at Better Cotton

Better Cotton was founded in 2005 to set standards for cotton production, with a goal of facilitating ethical, environmental and development-friendly agricultural practices. As multiple players come under increasing pressure to address social and environmental issues across their supply chains, Better Cotton aims to engage all actors to work tog…

Corporate Governance Strategy Sustainability Diversity and Equity and Inclusion
By Didier Cossin and Sophie Linguri Coughlan
Case reference: IMD-7-2421, © 2022
Multi-stakeholder governance at Better Cotton
By Didier Cossin and Sophie Linguri Coughlan
Case reference: IMD-7-2421 ©2022
Summary
Better Cotton was founded in 2005 to set standards for cotton production, with a goal of facilitating ethical, environmental and development-friendly agricultural practices. As multiple players come under increasing pressure to address social and environmental issues across their supply chains, Better Cotton aims to engage all actors to work together. The Better Cotton Standard System was developed as a holistic approach to sustainable cotton production that addresses the three pillars of sustainability: environmental, social and economic. The organization works to build capacity by working with local partners to train cotton farmers worldwide in more sustainable farming practices that improve their livelihoods and protect and restore the environment. Its assurance model aims to balance scalability with cost effectiveness. Its Chain of Custody system matches supply and demand by tracing transactions throughout the supply chain. Better Cotton subscribes to a multi-stakeholder governance model, bringing stakeholders together to participate in dialogue, decision making and implementation of responses to joint problems. By seeking input from multiple types of actors involved in a question, the eventual consensual decision gains greater legitimacy, and it can be more effectively implemented than a response by any single actor. Multi-stakeholder governance requires balancing representation with the need for efficiency and effectiveness in developing and implementing strategy. The case allows for a discussion on the extent to which the BetterCotton governance model is aligned with its strategy and mission, and more broadly, how to design governance for multi-stakeholder organizations.
Reference IMD-7-2421
Copyright ©2022
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Better Cotton
Industry Manufacturing, Textile
Available Languages English
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