Industry breakpoints and business model evolution
Industry Breakpoints (described in 1992) are characterized by “A new offering to the market that is so much superior that it changes the rules of the competitive game, accompanied by a sharp shift in the industry’s growth rate and a dramatic realignment of market shares.” Breakpoints in the evolution of an industry involve either divergent competitive shifts in in the variety and customization of the value proposition. or convergent competitive shifts in the scope and organizational efficiency of the value delivery system. Divergent shifts typically start with a multitude of pioneering offerings, and may be followed in a later phase by offerings tailored to different customer segments, or integrated products and services tailored to individual customers, or offerings co-created with customers. Convergent shifts typically start with a new efficient high volume delivery system that competitors have to emulate to stay in the game, possibly followed in a later shift by process efficiency involving the whole organization, or modular efficiency with standardized supplier inputs, or ecosystem efficiency integrating customers, suppliers and partners into a common digital platform. The industry’s evolution towards greater customization and efficiency can be interrupted by Disruptive Innovation in technology (described in 1997) that creates radically new business models.
- Gaining awareness of industry breakpoints and the opportunities they create
- Understanding how breakpoints occur when latent demand in the marketplace meets innovation by firms
- Identifying the opportunities for increasing customization and an increasing scope of efficiency
- Understanding the importance of complementing value proposition and value delivery capabilities
- Gaining awareness of how specialization and technology can disrupt the pattern of business model evolution
Cranfield University
Wharley End Beds MK43 0JR, UK
Tel +44 (0)1234 750903
Email [email protected]
Harvard Business School Publishing
60 Harvard Way, Boston MA 02163, USA
Tel (800) 545-7685 Tel (617)-783-7600
Fax (617) 783-7666
Email [email protected]
NUCB Business School
1-3-1 Nishiki Naka
Nagoya Aichi, Japan 460-0003
Tel +81 52 20 38 111
Email [email protected]
IMD retains all proprietary interests in its case studies and notes. Without prior written permission, IMD cases and notes may not be reproduced, used, translated, included in books or other publications, distributed in any form or by any means, stored in a database or in other retrieval systems. For additional copyright information related to case studies, please contact Case Services.
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications

#post_excerptHannele Jakosuo-Jansson of Neste and Finnair shared key insights on board roles in CEO transitions and culture shifts with IMD’s High Performance Boards program.

An intelligent organizational sensory system detects, processes, and acts on change signals, giving your company a strong competitive edge.

Three Ways to Deal with Your Boss when they act against civility, empathy, and ethics. Discover strategies to handle difficult workplace dynamics effectively.

Six ways leaders can shape corporate reputation building strategies within their organizations, drawing on key insights from a Bloomberg Media study.

To navigate a turbulent business environment, CEOs must understand their landscape and align leadership thinking priorities, advises IMD’s Michael Watkins.
Case B describes the unprecedented challenges faced by CO-RO in 2020. The implementation of the sugar tax in its largest Middle Eastern market led to a near 50% volume drop in CO-RO’s sales, and Covid-19 lockdowns impacted the Asia-Pacific (APAC) ...
The CO-RO Group is a manufacturer of fruit-based still drinks, concentrates and ambient ice (home-freeze popsicles) headquartered in Denmark. Although production takes place in Denmark, most of its products are sold internationally, with the compa...
The case explores TBC Bank Group’s remarkable journey from a small Georgian bank to a regional leader in digital financial services across Central Asia. Founded in 1992 with just US$500 in initial capital, TBC evolved into Georgia’s largest financ...
The board of Nestlé S.A. announced that Anna Mohl would become the CEO of Nestlé Health Science (NHSc) — a global leader in nutritional science — on 1 January 2024. She was delighted to hear about her new position but knew there was little time to...

Business traditionally emphasizes the consequences of downsizing on the leavers, but what happens to those who stay? In the aftermath of corporate restructures, "survivors" find themselves navigating a complex mix of emotions and uncertainty. Alys...
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
in I by IMD
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Case reference: IMD-7-2636 ©2025
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications
Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications