Case Study

When digital David meets physical Goliath: The case of Brockhaus vs. Wikipedia

16 pages
November 2012
Reference: IMD-3-2270

This case study shows the struggle of Brockhaus, publisher of Germany’s best-known encyclopedia, to survive two major challenges: (1) the advent of digital encyclopedias marketed on CD-ROM and (2) the rise of online encyclopedias which are accessible free of charge. While Brockhaus was able to successfully deal with the emergence digital encyclopedias in its war against Microsoft, the company stumbled over the rise of digital encyclopedias and ultimately had to abandon the market for encyclopedias which it had dominated for over a century. The case is structured in three sections. Section one describes Brockhaus’ response to the emergence of digital encyclopedias and identifies the main reasons for why the company was able to successfully deal with this innovation. At the end of section one, participants are asked to analyze (1) the strategic situation Brockhaus faced when dealing with digital encyclopedias; (2) the actions of Brockhaus in response to the advent of digital encyclopedias; and (3) the reasons for why Brockhaus successfully dealt with this strategic challenge. Section two contains a review of two theoretical concepts: disruptive innovation theory and the value curve. This theory section should provide the participants with the tools necessary to understand radical innovations and to successfully respond to them. Section three describes Brockhaus’ war against Wikipedia and the actions Brockhaus took to deal with online ecyclopedias. At the end of the section, participants are asked (1) to analyze how the strategic challenge brought about by online encyclopedias differs from the challenge resulting from the rise of digital encyclopedias; and (2) to use the value curve concept to design possible strategies in response to the emergence of online encyclopedias. In a wrap-up following section three, the case describes that Brockhaus ultimately failed at successfully dealing with the emergence of online encyclopedias and had to leave the market.

Learning Objective

The aim of the case is to enable participants to understand that the emergence of Microsoft’s Encarta and Wikipedia both represented major challenges for Brockhaus, but that they differed in a very important aspect: While the emergence of digital encyclopedias was a continuous change, the emergence of online encyclopedias was a discontinuous one. This fundamental difference lies at the heart of Brockhaus’s failure since the company tried to tackle both situations with the same strategic approach. In addition, participants will learn to assess whether a strategic challenge is discontinuous or not, to recognize typical behavioral patterns in response to discontinuous change and how these can be overcome.

Keywords
Innovation, Strategy, Disruptive Innovation, Discontinuous Change, Publishing, General Management
Settings
Europe, Germany
Brockhaus Verlag, Wikimedia Foundation, Media, Printing and Publishing
1993-2004
Type
Field Research
Copyright
© 2012
Available Languages
English
Related material
Teaching note
Case clearing houses
IMD case studies are distributed through case clearing houses. In order to browse the collection and purchase copies please visit the links below.

The Case Centre

Cranfield University

Wharley End Beds MK43 0JR, UK
Tel +44 (0)1234 750903
Email [email protected]

Harvard Business School Publishing

60 Harvard Way, Boston MA 02163, USA
Tel (800) 545-7685 Tel (617)-783-7600
Fax (617) 783-7666
Email [email protected]

Asia Pacific Case Center

NUCB Business School

1-3-1 Nishiki Naka
Nagoya Aichi, Japan 460-0003
Tel +81 52 20 38 111
Email [email protected]

Contact

Research Information & Knowledge Hub for additional information on IMD publications

Discover our latest research
IMD's faculty and research teams publish articles, case studies, books and reports on a wide range of topics