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Case Study
Zamil Group: Growing a family business into a diversified holding

Founded in 1920 as a modest trading house in the Arabian Gulf, Zamil Group has grown into one of the Middle East’s most diversified business groups, with activities spanning manufacturing, petrochemicals, real estate and investments. As the portfolio expanded and some operating companies were listed or divested, the family gradually shifted from…

Family Business Corporate Governance Business Transformation Leadership
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2751, © 2026
Zamil Group: Growing a family business into a diversified holding
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2751 ©2026
Summary
Founded in 1920 as a modest trading house in the Arabian Gulf, Zamil Group has grown into one of the Middle East’s most diversified business groups, with activities spanning manufacturing, petrochemicals, real estate and investments. As the portfolio expanded and some operating companies were listed or divested, the family gradually shifted from a family‑managed operating conglomerate toward a financial holding model. This strategic transition fundamentally reshaped the family’s role – from hands‑on operators to long‑term owners and stewards of a diversified portfolio. At the heart of the case is the question of how enterprising families define success. Rather than equating success solely with financial performance or the preservation of specific legacy assets, the AlZamil family articulates a broader, multi‑dimensional conception of success that includes long‑term continuity, professionalization, societal contribution and the preparation of future generations. The case explores how this definition of success informs key governance choices, such as stricter family employment policies, the increasing reliance on non‑family executives, and the creation of a family office dedicated to wealth management and next generation development. The case also surfaces an important tension faced by many long‑lived family firms: whether selling a founding or symbolic business should be viewed as a failure or a responsible act of stewardship. By presenting the sale of the AlZamils’ legacy business, the case invites participants to contrast a heritage‑preservation logic with a stewardship‑and‑portfolio logic and to reflect on how different families reconcile emotional attachment with long‑term adaptability. The case is based on interviews with four family members holding leading roles in the AlZamil family enterprise system.
Reference IMD-2751
Copyright ©2026
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Zamil Group
Industry Manufacturing
Available Languages English
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Case Study
The Mulliez Family Business: Unlocking the secrets of entrepreneurial DNA (A)

Though little-known outside of its home country of France, the Mulliez family enterprise is one of the largest privately held business networks in the world. The Association Familiale Mulliez (AFM) unites over 1,000 family shareholders and oversees a portfolio of more than 90 companies operating across retail, services and other sectors. Its fla…

Family Business
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2748, © 2026
The Mulliez Family Business: Unlocking the secrets of entrepreneurial DNA (A)
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2748 ©2026
Summary
Though little-known outside of its home country of France, the Mulliez family enterprise is one of the largest privately held business networks in the world. The Association Familiale Mulliez (AFM) unites over 1,000 family shareholders and oversees a portfolio of more than 90 companies operating across retail, services and other sectors. Its fla…
Reference IMD-2748
Copyright ©2026
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Association Familiale Mulliez
Available Languages English
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Case Study
The Mulliez Family Business: Unlocking the secrets of entrepreneurial DNA (B)

Case B of the Mulliez Family Business case series examines the family’s entrepreneurial ‘DNA’: the unique set of characteristics that have enabled the Association Familiale Mulliez (AFM) to successfully nurture the ventures of the next generations. Case B picks up in the 1990s, as the Mulliez family renews its focus on entrepreneurship. It first…

Family Business
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2749, © 2026
The Mulliez Family Business: Unlocking the secrets of entrepreneurial DNA (B)
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2749 ©2026
Summary
Case B of the Mulliez Family Business case series examines the family’s entrepreneurial ‘DNA’: the unique set of characteristics that have enabled the Association Familiale Mulliez (AFM) to successfully nurture the ventures of the next generations. Case B picks up in the 1990s, as the Mulliez family renews its focus on entrepreneurship. It first…
Reference IMD-2749
Copyright ©2026
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Association Familiale Mulliez
Available Languages English
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Case Study
CDL’s boardroom battles: Succession in the Kwek family empire

City Developments Limited (CDL), one of Singapore’s largest listed property developers, had been a cornerstone of the Kwek family business empire in Singapore since 1972. With an enterprise value of S$19.5 billion (US$15.1 billion) in January 2026, CDL operated across 168 locations in 29 countries. The company’s success was rooted in the vision …

Corporate Governance Family Business Strategy
By Marleen Dieleman and Thi Phuong Thao Pham
Case reference: IMD-2756, © 2026
CDL’s boardroom battles: Succession in the Kwek family empire
By Marleen Dieleman and Thi Phuong Thao Pham
Case reference: IMD-2756 ©2026
Summary
City Developments Limited (CDL), one of Singapore’s largest listed property developers, had been a cornerstone of the Kwek family business empire in Singapore since 1972. With an enterprise value of S$19.5 billion (US$15.1 billion) in January 2026, CDL operated across 168 locations in 29 countries. The company’s success was rooted in the vision …
Reference IMD-2756
Copyright ©2026
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization City Developments Limited
Industry Services, Real Estate
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Thermax: Four paths to succession in a family business

From its origins as a manufacturer of hospital equipment for the Indian market, Thermax has grown into a multinational corporation operating in 90 countries, offering integrated solutions in heating, cooling, power generation, water treatment and recycling, air pollution control, and chemicals with a focus on ensuring clean air, clean energy and…

Family Business
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-7-2571, © 2025
Thermax: Four paths to succession in a family business
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-7-2571 ©2025
Summary
From its origins as a manufacturer of hospital equipment for the Indian market, Thermax has grown into a multinational corporation operating in 90 countries, offering integrated solutions in heating, cooling, power generation, water treatment and recycling, air pollution control, and chemicals with a focus on ensuring clean air, clean energy and…
Reference IMD-7-2571
Copyright ©2025
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Thermax
Industry Construction and Engineering, Industrial Engineering
Available Languages English
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Case Study
YCH Group: How to remain an innovative family business across generations

YCH Group, a pioneering family-owned logistics company in Asia evolved from a small transport business into a regional leader in supply chain solutions focused on e-commerce, the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics. This remarkable transformation was thanks to executive chairman Dr Robert Yap, a visionary who was fond of disruption and who rem…

Family Business Innovation
By Marleen Dieleman and Sophia Xuefei Qiu
Case reference: IMD-2659, © 2025
YCH Group: How to remain an innovative family business across generations
By Marleen Dieleman and Sophia Xuefei Qiu
Case reference: IMD-2659 ©2025
Summary
YCH Group, a pioneering family-owned logistics company in Asia evolved from a small transport business into a regional leader in supply chain solutions focused on e-commerce, the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics. This remarkable transformation was thanks to executive chairman Dr Robert Yap, a visionary who was fond of disruption and who rem…
Reference IMD-2659
Copyright ©2025
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization YCH Group
Industry Logistics and Supply Chain
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the family business be led in tandem? (B)

The Handtmann case examines the co-CEO leadership model in the context of family business. Based on interviews with three key executives – the co-CEOs and the President of the Advisory Board – the case focuses on how Handtmann handled the leadership transition to the next generation. In Case B of “Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the Family Business be…

Family Business Corporate Governance Leadership
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2656, © 2025
Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the family business be led in tandem? (B)
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2656 ©2025
Summary
The Handtmann case examines the co-CEO leadership model in the context of family business. Based on interviews with three key executives – the co-CEOs and the President of the Advisory Board – the case focuses on how Handtmann handled the leadership transition to the next generation. In Case B of “Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the Family Business be…
Reference IMD-2656
Copyright ©2025
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Handtmann Group
Industry Construction and Engineering, Industrial Engineering;Manufacturing, Machinery
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the family business be led in tandem? (A)

The Handtmann case examines the co-CEO leadership model in the context of family business. Based on interviews with three key executives – the co-CEOs and the president of the advisory board – the case focuses on how Handtmann handled the leadership transition to the next generation. Starting with a history of the five generations at the head o…

Family Business Corporate Governance Leadership
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2655, © 2025
Co-CEOs at Handtmann: Can the family business be led in tandem? (A)
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-2655 ©2025
Summary
The Handtmann case examines the co-CEO leadership model in the context of family business. Based on interviews with three key executives – the co-CEOs and the president of the advisory board – the case focuses on how Handtmann handled the leadership transition to the next generation. Starting with a history of the five generations at the head o…
Reference IMD-2655
Copyright ©2025
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Handtmann Group
Industry Construction and Engineering, Industrial Engineering;Manufacturing, Machinery
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Sea2see: Seastainable vision

BARCELONA, JANUARY 2023. What started in 2016 as a humble entrepreneurial attempt to contribute to a more sustainable future had turned into a solid eyewear brand present in major Western markets. François van den Abeele was even more excited by the rapid development of the Sea2see Foundation, which he set up in Ghana. But success brought its ow…

Entrepreneurship Family Business General Management Global Business Marketing Sustainability
By Benoit F. Leleux and Thomas Brochier
Case reference: IMD-7-2564, © 2024
Sea2see: Seastainable vision
By Benoit F. Leleux and Thomas Brochier
Case reference: IMD-7-2564 ©2024
Summary
BARCELONA, JANUARY 2023. What started in 2016 as a humble entrepreneurial attempt to contribute to a more sustainable future had turned into a solid eyewear brand present in major Western markets. François van den Abeele was even more excited by the rapid development of the Sea2see Foundation, which he set up in Ghana. But success brought its own new questions and issues. From the start, he had relied on the superb craftmanship and dedication of an Italian frame manufacturer. Over time that relationship had turned into a mutual dependency: He was now one of its major clients but, reciprocally, had developed a key supplier risk. What if something happened to that relationship? Should he develop a broader set of suppliers and, if so, how could that be done without antagonizing a great working relationship? Recycling very much set the stage for the brand’s sustainability claims, but it also took massive amounts of time to manage. As other companies started to develop their own fishing net recycling supply chains, did it still make sense to invest so much time in the upstream phase or should he pour his energy into his beloved brand? Finally, maybe it was also time to revisit the growth/profitability dilemma and open up the capital to increase the speed of growth, all for the benefit of the environment as impact fed on scale.
Reference IMD-7-2564
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Sea2see
Industry Consumer Goods, Optical Products
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Sheng Siong Supermarket in Singapore: A unique values-based advantage?

Founded by Lim Hock Chee in 1985, Sheng Siong has evolved from a humble grocery store into a leading supermarket chain in Singapore, renowned for its cost-effective pricing and commitment to customer satisfaction. Mr Lim’s unique philosophy, which emphasizes self-cultivation, perseverance and positivity, has been instrumental in shaping Sheng Si…

Family Business Customer Centricity Leadership
By Marleen Dieleman, Yunfei Feng and Yu Jing Gan
Case reference: IMD-7-2589, © 2025
Sheng Siong Supermarket in Singapore: A unique values-based advantage?
By Marleen Dieleman Yunfei Feng and Yu Jing Gan
Case reference: IMD-7-2589 ©2025
Summary
Founded by Lim Hock Chee in 1985, Sheng Siong has evolved from a humble grocery store into a leading supermarket chain in Singapore, renowned for its cost-effective pricing and commitment to customer satisfaction. Mr Lim’s unique philosophy, which emphasizes self-cultivation, perseverance and positivity, has been instrumental in shaping Sheng Si…
Reference IMD-7-2589
Copyright ©2025
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Sheng Siong Group
Industry Consumer Services, Retail
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Ragn-Sells: From company in crisis to circular sustainability champion

This case highlights Ragn-Sells’ remarkable journey from facing financial difficulties to establishing itself as a global authority on the circular economy and sustainability. In 2015, Pär Larshans joined the Swedish waste management company during a period of financial uncertainty, prompting a re-evaluation of its business strategy. Through a c…

Sustainability Family Business
By Florian Hoos and Valerie Keller-Birrer
Case reference: IMD-7-2567, © 2024
Ragn-Sells: From company in crisis to circular sustainability champion
By Florian Hoos and Valerie Keller-Birrer
Case reference: IMD-7-2567 ©2024
Summary
This case highlights Ragn-Sells’ remarkable journey from facing financial difficulties to establishing itself as a global authority on the circular economy and sustainability. In 2015, Pär Larshans joined the Swedish waste management company during a period of financial uncertainty, prompting a re-evaluation of its business strategy. Through a c…
Reference IMD-7-2567
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Ragn-Sells Group
Industry Utilities, Recycling
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Jubilee Enterprises of Thailand: Growing through insights

Unyarat Pornprakit (Unya) is the youthful chief executive officer of Jubilee Enterprise PLC, a diamond jewelry retailer. Since Unya became CEO in 2008, she has expanded the chain to 128 stores and grown the revenue to $400 million. She has managed to deliver record earnings for 12 straight years. Unya’s father began the process of professionaliz…

General Management Entrepreneurship Family Business
By Philip Charles Zerrillo and Goutam N. Challagalla
Case reference: IMD-7-2527, © 2024
Jubilee Enterprises of Thailand: Growing through insights
By Philip Charles Zerrillo and Goutam N. Challagalla
Case reference: IMD-7-2527 ©2024
Summary
Unyarat Pornprakit (Unya) is the youthful chief executive officer of Jubilee Enterprise PLC, a diamond jewelry retailer. Since Unya became CEO in 2008, she has expanded the chain to 128 stores and grown the revenue to $400 million. She has managed to deliver record earnings for 12 straight years. Unya’s father began the process of professionaliz…
Reference IMD-7-2527
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Jubilee Enterprises
Industry Consumer Goods, Luxury Goods and Jewelry
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Carvajal: Building a holistic family enterprise

The Carvajal case is based on interviews with four family members and executives of Carvajal S.A., one of Latin America’s leading family businesses. The case focuses on how, over the span of 120 years, the Carvajal family built a holistic family enterprise to govern both its business and its family ownership structure. The system includes the ty…

Family Business
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-7-2438, © 2024
Carvajal: Building a holistic family enterprise
By Peter Vogel and Anouk Lavoie
Case reference: IMD-7-2438 ©2024
Summary
The Carvajal case is based on interviews with four family members and executives of Carvajal S.A., one of Latin America’s leading family businesses. The case focuses on how, over the span of 120 years, the Carvajal family built a holistic family enterprise to govern both its business and its family ownership structure. The system includes the ty…
Reference IMD-7-2438
Copyright ©2024
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Carvajal
Industry Manufacturing, Paper and Pulp Products;Manufacturing, Packaging and Containers;Consumer Goods, Furniture;Information Technology
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Raya Holding: What is the holding really holding?

On 7 October 2020, the employees of Raya, an Egyptian holding company, received an email that sent shockwaves across the entire firm. The board had just announced that Medhat Khalil, Raya’s co-founder, primary shareholder and long-serving CEO, would be stepping down after 21 years, leaving the position to his son Ahmed Khalil, who was just under…

Family Business Strategy General Management
By Niccolò Pisani, Anel Alsenova, Amira El Ebrashy, Danila Rudenka and Reny Thomas
Case reference: IMD-7-2390, © 2023
Raya Holding: What is the holding really holding?
By Niccolò Pisani Anel Alsenova Amira El Ebrashy Danila Rudenka and Reny Thomas
Case reference: IMD-7-2390 ©2023
Summary
On 7 October 2020, the employees of Raya, an Egyptian holding company, received an email that sent shockwaves across the entire firm. The board had just announced that Medhat Khalil, Raya’s co-founder, primary shareholder and long-serving CEO, would be stepping down after 21 years, leaving the position to his son Ahmed Khalil, who was just under…
Reference IMD-7-2390
Copyright ©2023
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Raya Holding
Industry Finance and Insurance, Financial Services;Information Technology;Food Production;Consumer Goods, Home Appliances
Available Languages English
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Case Study
Grundfos (B): “Solved in a better way”

Without much family discussion, PDJ put majority ownership of Grundfos into the Poul Due Jensen Foundation in 1975. His family would receive a 15% stake in the company. This ownership stake was important, since by Danish law, the company could be sold if family ownership fell below 10%. The 8-member foundation board would oversee the company’s l…

Sustainability Family Business
Selected for the 2024 Schlesinger Global Family Enterprise Case Competition
By Peter Vogel and Megan Colleen Lief
Case reference: IMD-7-2375, © 2023
Grundfos (B): “Solved in a better way”
By Peter Vogel and Megan Colleen Lief
Case reference: IMD-7-2375 ©2023
Summary
Without much family discussion, PDJ put majority ownership of Grundfos into the Poul Due Jensen Foundation in 1975. His family would receive a 15% stake in the company. This ownership stake was important, since by Danish law, the company could be sold if family ownership fell below 10%. The 8-member foundation board would oversee the company’s l…
Selected for the 2024 Schlesinger Global Family Enterprise Case Competition
Reference IMD-7-2375
Copyright ©2023
Copyright owner IMD Copyright
Organization Grundfos
Industry Services, Water Supply and Sanitary Services
Available Languages English
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